Question 1

What is Madd (elongation)?

Accepted Answer

Madd occurs when ا و ي follow a matching short vowel. Stretch the sound for the prescribed count — 2 for natural madd, 4–6 for stronger types.

Question 2

What is Ghunnah (nasalisation)?

Accepted Answer

When ن or م carries shaddah, sound them through the nose for two counts. Essential for proper recitation rhythm.

Question 3

What is Qalqalah (echo)?

Accepted Answer

These five letters get a slight bounce when they have sukoon or you stop on them. Light bounce within a word, stronger at a stop.

Question 4

What is Idgham (merging)?

Accepted Answer

When noon sakinah is followed by one of these six, merge the noon into it. Some merges carry ghunnah, others do not.

Question 5

What is Ikhfa (concealment)?

Accepted Answer

Soften the noon sound, keeping a light nasal quality, before fifteen specific letters.

Question 6

What is Iqlab (substitution)?

Accepted Answer

When noon sakinah meets ب, substitute the noon with a hidden meem sound carrying ghunnah.

Question 7

What is Izhaar (clear)?

Accepted Answer

Before ء هـ ع غ خ ح the noon is articulated clearly with no nasal merging.

Question 8

What is Waqf (stopping)?

Accepted Answer

When stopping, the final letter is read with sukoon. Different stop signs (ۖ ۗ ۚ) tell you whether to pause.

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